Safety and efficacy of hemoperfusion in cardiopulmonary bypass for postoperative inflammatory response in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection: A randomized controlled trial / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To explore the clinical effect of hemoperfusion (HP) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on postoperative inflammation in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAD). Methods    Adult patients with AAD who planned to undergo total aortic arch replacement from July 2020 to November 2021 were continuously enrolled in our heart center. Patients were randomly divided into a HP group and a control (C) group. The HP group was treated with disposable HP device (Model: HA380, Zhuhai Jafron Biomedical, China) in CPB during the operation. Results    Finally,  70 patients were included with 59 males and 11 females at an age range of 21-67 years. There were 35 patients in both groups. In this study, 3 patients died within 3 days after surgery, 2 in the HP group and 1 in the C group, and the remaining 67 patients survived to the follow-up end point (30 days after surgery). There was no statistical difference in preoperative baseline data, operative method, CPB time, block time, or other intraoperative data between the two groups. Blood product dosage, intubation time, hospital stays, and hospitalization expenses were similar between the two groups. Intraoperative hemoglobin (82.70±2.31 g/L vs. 82.50±1.75 g/L, P=0.954] and platelet concentration [(77.87±7.99)×109/L vs.(89.17±9.99)×109/L, P=0.384] were not statistically different between the HP group and C group. In the HP group, postoperative (ICU-12 h) interleukin-6 (IL-6) [338.14 (128.00, 450.70) pg/mL vs. 435.75 (180.50, 537.00) pg/mL, P=0.373], IL-8 [35.04 (18.02, 40.35) pg/mL vs. 43.50 (17.70, 59.95) pg/mL, P=0.383], and IL-10 [21.19 (6.46, 23.50) pg/mL vs. 43.41 (6.34, 50.80) pg/mL, P=0.537] were slightly lower than those in the C group, and the difference was not statistically different. The incidences of pulmonary infection (0.00% vs. 11.76%, P=0.042) and liver injury (2.94% vs. 20.58%, P=0.027) in the HP group were significantly lower than those in the C group, and the incidence of other postoperative complications, such as arrhythmia, nervous system complications and urinary system complications, showed no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion     HP therapy in CPB is safe, but its effect on reducing postoperative inflammatory factors, postoperative inflammatory reactions and postoperative complications in the patients with AAD is limited, and it may be of application value to some high-risk patients with lung and liver injury.

Role of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in the disease activity of juvenile idiopathic arthritis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the expression levels of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and NKG2D soluble ligands, the soluble MHC class I chain-related molecules A and B (sMICA/sMICB) in the active stage and stable stage of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and their role in the disease activity of JIA.@*METHODS@#Nineteen children with systemic JIA and 20 children with articular JIA who were diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in this prospective study. Six healthy children were enrolled as the control group. After peripheral blood samples were collected, ELISA was used to measure the levels of sMICA and sMICB, and flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells. Systemic Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-27 (sJADAS-27)/Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-27 (JADAS-27) was used to evaluate the disease activity in children with JIA. The Pearson correlation analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the role of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells, sMICA and sMICB in the disease activity of JIA.@*RESULTS@#The active systemic JIA and active articular JIA groups had a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells compared with the control group and their corresponding inactive JIA group (P<0.05). The JIA groups had significantly higher levels of sMICA and sMICB than the control group (P<0.05), and the active articular JIA group had a significantly higher level of sMICB than the stable articular JIA group (P<0.05). In the children with JIA, the percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and the levels of sMICA and sMICB were positively correlated with sJADAS-27/JADAS-27 disease activity scores (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that sMICB had an area under the curve of 0.755 in evaluating the disease activity of JIA, with a specificity of 0.90 and a sensitivity of 0.64.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and the levels of sMICA and sMICB increase in children with JIA compared with healthy children and are positively correlated with the disease activity of JIA, suggesting that CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and NKG2D ligands can be used as potential biomarkers for evaluating the disease activity of JIA.

Application of PD-1 inhibitor Camrelizumab in advanced malignancies / 解放军医学杂志

With the remarkable achievements made in the treatment targeted at tumor immune checkpoints, more and more new immunotherapy drugs have been applied to the malignancies treatment. Camrelizumab (AiRuiKa) is a novel human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody (mAb), which can target the programmed death 1 (PD-1) and block its binding to the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), so as to restore the body's immune function and achieve anti-tumor effect. The drug was officially approved by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) on May 29, 2019 for use in patients with recurrent or refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) who are treated with at least second-line systemic therapy. In addition, the drug showed good anti-tumor activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction cancer (EGJC). The research progress of camrelizumab on mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, adverse reactions etc. were reviewed in present paper.

Clinical analysis of Kawasaki disease associated with macrophage activation syndrome and a probe into its diagnostic criteria / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics,treatment,and outcomes of Ka-wasaki disease (KD)patients associated with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)(KD - MAS)and to compare three diagnostic standards. Methods Twelve cases of KD - MAS were reviewed retrospectively,who had been treated and therapied at the Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2007 to September 2017. The clinical data were analyzed. And,the efficacy of different MAS diagnostic criteria for KD - MAS was evaluated. Results The subjects included 8 males and 4 females,with a median age of 25 months. The capital trigger of MAS was infection(8 cases,66. 7％). Unabating high fever had been the initial manifestation for 12 patients(100％),other com-mon clinical features including hepatomegaly(11 cases,91. 6％),splenomegaly(8 cases,66. 7％)and lymphadenectasis (7 cases,58. 3％). Besides,8 patients (66. 7％)had different degrees of central nervous system symptoms. Laboratory examination showed a decrease in hemoglobin (11 cases,91. 6％),in thrombocytopenia (8 cases,66. 7％),and white blood cells (4 cases,33. 3％);while there was an increase were found in serum transaminase (11 cases,91. 6％), triglyceride(72. 7％,8 / 11 cases)and serum ferritin (100％,9 / 9 cases). Eleven patients (91. 6％)had decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR). Bone marrow cytology was performed in 10 cases,and 8 cases of them showed hemophagocytic phenomenon. All the patients were diagnosed by SoJIA - MAS(2005)criteria. All patients were treated with high - dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)treatment,among whom 3 cases were combined with methylpred-nisolone treatment,and 2 cases received with more than 2 kinds of immunosuppressive drugs (Dexamethasone and Ciclosporin or Etoposide). Among the 12 patients,2 patients lost to follow - up,4 cases(33. 3％)died due to hepatic encephalopathy,including 2 cases who withdrawn treatment the remaining 6 cases (50. 0％)improved. Conclusions Prolonged high fever is the first manifestation of MAS in KD. Hemogram and ESR will decrease,elevated serum transaminase and ferritin may increase,which indicates MAS occurrence. If a high dose of IVIG therapy does not work,the combination of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive for therapy may improve the remission rate. Severe cen-tral nervous system involvement may indicate a terrible prognosis. SoJIA - MAS (2005)can diagnose earliler by using preliminary diagnostic guidelines for macrophage activation system complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Analysis of Decorrelation Transform Gain for Uncoded Wireless Image and Video Communication.

An uncoded transmission scheme called SoftCast has recently shown great potential for wireless video transmission. Unlike conventional approaches, SoftCast processes input images only by a series of transformations and modulates the coefficients directly to a dense constellation for transmission. The transmission is uncoded and lossy in nature, with its noise level commensurate with the channel condition. This paper presents a theoretical analysis for an uncoded visual communication, focusing on developing a quantitative measurements for the efficiency of decorrelation transform in a generalized uncoded transmission framework. Our analysis reveals that the energy distribution among signal elements is critical for the efficiency of uncoded transmission. A decorrelation transform can potentially bring a significant performance gain by boosting the energy diversity in signal representation. Numerical results on Markov random process and real image and video signals are reported to evaluate the performance gain of using different transforms in uncoded transmission. The analysis presented in this paper is verified by simulated SoftCast transmissions. This provide guidelines for designing efficient uncoded video transmission schemes.

Anti-tumor activity evaluation of novel chrysin-organotin compound in MCF-7 cells.

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxylflavone, Chry) is a natural flavonoid extracted from plants and propolis. In this work, a novel chrysin-organotin (Chry-Sn) compound with enhanced anticancer activities was synthesized by the reaction of chrysin and triphenyltin chloride, and its potential anticancer effects against cancer cells were measured using various methods. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) results showed that chrysin and Chry-Sn had significant inhibition effects on the proliferation of MCF-7, A549 and HeLa human cancer cell lines in a dose- and time- dependent manner. These results suggested that Chry-Sn possessed enhanced anticancer effects. Hoechst 33258 staining and acridine orange staining results showed apoptosis and nuclei fragments significantly increased after being treated with chrysin and Chry-Sn respectively. Moreover, chrysin and Chry-Sn significantly increased ROS levels in MCF-7 cells. Western blot results showed that chrysin and Chry-Sn activated caspase 3 and induced autophagy by increasing LC3-II level. All results showed collectively that Chry-Sn could be a more promising drug than chrysin in anticancer treatment.

[Study on application of amphotericin B in the perforated whole-cell patch clamp technique].

OBJECTIVE: Established with amphotericin B perforated patch-clamp technique, to study the electrophysiological properties of calyx synapses. METHODS: In the present experiments, we studied the application of perforated patch clamp technique on the calyx synapses of mice with Amphotericin B. RESULTS: The use of Amphotericin B significantly slowed down the decay of channel currents and the optimum concentration was 400 microg/ml. CONCLUSION: The syudy developed a stable of perforated patch clamp whole cell recording technique, could be more effecitve, more real reaction neurons electrophysiological characteristics of the channel current. Our work might provide the basic information to future users studying the signal transmission and regulation of auditory system of rodents.

Study on application of amphotericin B in the perforated whole-cell patch clamp technique / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Established with amphotericin B perforated patch-clamp technique, to study the electrophysiological properties of calyx synapses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the present experiments, we studied the application of perforated patch clamp technique on the calyx synapses of mice with Amphotericin B.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The use of Amphotericin B significantly slowed down the decay of channel currents and the optimum concentration was 400 microg/ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The syudy developed a stable of perforated patch clamp whole cell recording technique, could be more effecitve, more real reaction neurons electrophysiological characteristics of the channel current. Our work might provide the basic information to future users studying the signal transmission and regulation of auditory system of rodents.</p>

Protective effect of hydrogen against hyperoxia-induced type II alveolar epithelial cell injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of hydrogen against hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress injury in premature rat type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The type II AECs isolated from premature rats were randomly divided into air (21% oxygen) control group, hyperoxia (95% oxygen) control group, air + hydrogen group, and hyperoxia+ hydrogen group. The cells with hydrogen treatment were cultured in the presence of rich hydrogen. After the corresponding exposure for 24 h, the cell morphology was observed microscopically. MTT assay was used to evaluated the cell proliferation ability, and JC-1 fluorescence probe was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (δφ) changes of the type II AECs. The concentration of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the cell supernatant were detected using colorimetric method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant differences were found in cell growth or measurements between air control and air + hydrogen groups. Compared with air control group, the cells exposed to hyperoxia showed significantly suppressed proliferation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased MDA content, and decreased SOD activity. Intervention with hydrogen resulted in significantly increased cell proliferation and SOD activity and lowered MDA content, and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential in the cells with hyperoxia exposure (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hydrogen can significantly reduce hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress injury in premature rat type II AECs, improve the cellular antioxidant capacity, stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduce the inhibitory effect of hyperoxia on cell proliferation.</p>

Nicotine dynamically modulates dopamine clearance in rat striatum in vivo.

Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopaminergic terminals to evoke dopamine (DA) release. The clearance of released DA occurs rapidly through reuptake into nerve terminals through the DA transporter (DAT). However, whether nicotine modulates DAT function in vivo is still not well understood. In the present study, we determined the effect of nicotine on DA clearance using in vivo amperometric recording in the striatum of urethane-anesthetized rats. Stable DA release was evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Subsequently, nicotine or saline was administered with MFB stimulation at 10-min intervals for 60 min. Kinetic analysis revealed that nicotine decreased the amplitude of DA overflow and the maximal DA clearance rate (V(max)) in response to stimulation of 96 pulses at 80 Hz. Surprisingly, nicotine enhanced the maximal DA clearance rate (V(max)) by stimulation of 768 pulses at 80 Hz. Furthermore, we found that this paradoxical effect of nicotine on V(max) depended on the stimulation pattern. These results suggest that nicotine may exert its addictive role by dynamically modulating DAT function in vivo.

[Monoclonal antibodies prepared and used for detection of acute virus necrobiotic disease virus in scallop Chlamys farreri by indirect ELISA].

For developing monoclonal antibodies against acute virus necrobiotic disease (AVND) virus, mice of Balb/c strain were immunized with AVND virions which were isolated from the infected scallop Chlamys farreri. The spleen cells from immunized mice were then fused with NS-1 myeloma cells and the hybridomas were screened by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Finally, 4 stable MAbs of IgG isotype were obtained. Moreover, the combined position of these 4 MAbs to this virus was examined by immunogold electron microscopy (IEM). The results demonstrate that all 4 MAbs recognized epitopes on the envelope of the virions. Subsequently, a MAb-based ELISA was developed and used for detection of the infection rate and densities of the scallops which were sampled during different seasons from mid-April to mid-October, 2003. The result exhibited that both of the infection rate and infection densities sharply rose in mid-July and reached to the spikes, which right corresponds with their mortality during this period.

Optimization of a multi-channel puffer system for rapid delivery of solutions during patch-clamp experiments.

In biological experiments, especially in neuroscience research, it is important to manipulate the extracellular environment efficiently. We have developed a micro-puffing system for local drug delivery to single cells in electrophysiological experiments, and validated the kinetic properties of this instrument. Based on our results, the kinetics of the delivery of solutions and the territory controlled by this system are influenced by several factors: (1) inner diameter (I.D.) of the guide tubing; (2) I.D. of the puffing tip; (3) angle of the puffing tip; and (4) gravity or external pressure applied to the solution. The system can fully control a territory of 200 x 600 micrometer2. The minimum delay in response to drug delivery is 10-20 ms. Switching between different solutions takes less than 100 ms. The minimum volume of solution required by the system is 0.2 ml. Taken together, our results provide useful data for designing and using an efficient drug/solution delivery system in electrophysiological experiments.

[Histopathological research and immunofluorescence of AVND virus infection in cultured scallop Chlamys farreri].

The naturally infected scallops Chlamys farreri sampled during mass mortality in summer of 2003 was detected by means of histopathological and MAb-based immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The results of histological examination demonstrated that a series of histopathological changes including cell swelling, basophilic increase, disorder, partial sloughing and excessive sloughing were always observed in epithelia of many different organs, e.g. mantle, gills, stomach, intestine and kidney. Additionally, the infected tissues were applied for in situ detection of the "acute virus necrobiotic disease" (AVND) virus by means of specific MAb-based IFA, and the result demonstrated that this pathological changes or lesions were perfectly coincident with the positive cells (fluorescencing cells) . The positive cells were denser in some local area of epithelia, and exhibited serious pathological lesions, which would reveal the roles of this virus in pathogenesis and further confirm that the AVND virus is the main causative agent of mass mortalities among cultured scallop Chlamys farreri farmed in northern coast of China.